Rison-Dallas Association, Inc.

Rison-Dallas History, Page 3: Dallas Mill Artifacts

Below are a series of photographs of Dallas Mill during its operational period.
Dallas Mill old photo

Penny Postcards from Alabama
The following picture was on one of the Madison County penny postcards; while the date is unknown it could have been as shown on the penny above, 1914. Other penny postcards may be seen at: (http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/special/ppcs/ppcs.html) Dallas Mill

Two Dallas Mill worker's contract pages are shown below. Click on each picture for a larger version:
Dallas Mill Worker's Contract, Page 1 (click for larger version)    Dallas Mill Worker's Contract Page 2 (click for larger version)

Circa 1922 - Frank Falkenberry, Sr., and Jr. in their back yard at the corner of Stevens Avenue and Fourth Street
Frank Falkenberry Sr. and Jr., Circa 1922

This picture is provided for its historical significance. Please note that there's smoke coming from the mill's smoke stack; on the ground behind and to the right of the Falkenberrys is a coal oil (kerosene) can and a wash tub; the item on the ground to the left is a wash pot. Mr. Falkenberry is wearing overalls as did most of the men in the village; and Frank, Jr., is wearing a dress, a common attire for all babies of that era.

Circa 1960 - Village photo taken from atop Frank Falkenberry's home at 713 McKinley Avenue
Dallas Village 1960
Please note the mill in the far background. To the left, in front of the mill, appears to be the steeple from Fifth Street Baptist Church. Also visible are village homes, coal houses, and out-buildings containing self-flushing toilets.

Dallas Mill Wharehouse

Dallas Mill Backside

On the left is a picture of the Dallas and Lincoln Mill Villages from yesteryear, and on the right is a modern-day view of the same general area. The large empty green patch is the site of Dallas Mill. Please click on these small pictures to see larger versions.
Dallas and Lincoln of Yesteryear - click for a larger version Dallas and Lincoln Village Today - click for a larger version

You may also click on the image below to see an expanded view of the area today. Please note that this view is oriented so that North is at the top of the page. These images are from the Google maps website.
Dallas Village Today - click for larger view

Below is a photo of Dallas Mill and Lincoln Mill and the mill villages, looking toward the east.
Dallas Mill and Lincoln Mill and Villages

After the close of Dallas Mill in 1949, Genesco Shoe Company used the mill building for their distribution operations until 1985 at which time it became vacant. Below are two photographs of the mill from the early 1980's.
Dallas Mill before the fire.

Dallas Mill before the fire.

Circa 1990 - The picture below was taken from Oakwood Avenue and shows pillars constructed to support a portion of I-565; note Dallas Mill in the background.
I565 Construction and Dallas Mill

The unoccupied Dallas Mill building was destroyed by fire on 24 July 1991. Below is a picture during the fire and three pictures of the building in ruins.
Dallas Mill on Fire
The unoccupied Dallas Mill burning on 24 July 1991

Dallas Mill after the fire

Dallas Mill after the fire

Aerial shot of Dallas Mill after the fire

The fire was a tragic loss for Huntsville, as the mill building was a fabulous historical and architectural landmark. There had been rumors before the fire that the old mill building might be renovated and converted to a retail shopping enterprise, and in the process revitalize that area of Huntsville. Sadly, those plans would never be realized and all that is left on the old mill site is the water tower, standing as a silent sentinel in that place were so many lives were shaped and sustained in the mill village.

Below are two photographs showing street scenes in Dallas Village.
Dallas Village Street

Superintendent Houses
Superintendents' and Overseers' Homes, Village of Dallas, Date Unknown. Oakwood Avenue?

This is the old red schoolhouse building behind Rison School
The Old Red Schoolhouse at Rison
Here's what we think that we know about the old red schoolhouse:
(Editor's note: Until I saw this picture I had no idea that the one story wing shown in the above picture was the existing duplex apartment on Withers Avenue, near Lee High Drive. Some time back, I met the new owner of the duplex who insisted that I come inside and take a look. The space had been completely gutted and upgraded into two modern apartments, each with a living room, a bedroom, kitchen, bathroom and laundry room - presumably it was an amazing transformation. The owner and his wife live in one apartment and renters live in the other.)

Editor's note, October 25, 2007: We heard from Brian Hogan who shared the following missing information:

"I thought I would give you an update on my quest to confirm that the 'old red school house building behind Rison School' was called Oakwood, the residence of W.H.Moore.

I have reviewed Chancery Court files, mortgage records, and G.W.Jones & Co. abstracts in the Madison County Court Records on the third floor of the Huntsville Public Library and can state with absolute certainty that that "old red school house building " was Moore's home, Oakwood.

I can not document that Oakwood Ave. was named after it but the coincidence cannot be ignored. I assert, without proof, that it was.

I also discovered a plat map done in 1945 that shows the location of the building, approximately 100 yards north of the Rison School, and fronting on what was then Elliott Street. (I think that's Withers Street today.) When time permits I intend to walk the area to pin point its location.

One thing confuses me...one of the photos on your website shows a single story duplex connected to one wing of the house. This does not appear on the plat map. Possibly because that structure was added after 1945, or had been moved from that location before 1945?

(Editor's update February 7, 2008: In response to the above query, our friend, Sara Ann Certain Hymer, said: "I know the addition to the old red schoolhouse, in what we called the grove, was there when I was a small child and I was born in 1928. The Chisams lived there - Mrs. Chisam and three sons or at least one of them who was Billie and Charles Chisam's father. I used to play with Billie because she was about my age. At the same time, the Wallaces and the Kings lived in the big house. After the Wallaces moved out, the Hawkins moved in. I don't know how long the Hawkins lived there but it was while I was growing up.")

As you know the current owner of that duplex could you inquire about this? I strongly suspect that the structure was moved as it now front on Withers St. as extended north.

(Editor's note: The owner of the duplex no longer lives at that site. It is my understanding that the wing now sits in the same location as originally added to the brick structure; the date it was added is not known.)

One other point...there was a lengthy Chancery Court case (#1557) in which W.H.Moore, as a Commissioner, and his children were involved which was resolved in 1887 and a decree rendered that directed William H.Moore to sell the lands involved. He did not, for reasons unknown, comply with that decree before he died in August, 1891. A new Commissioner was assigned to carry out the terms of the decree. It was not until November, 1899 that the property was sold, at public auction, to the Dallas Manufacturing Co., for $12,000 cash. The property consisted of two tracts, one of 40 and 65/100, and the other of 27 acres, for a total of 67 and 65/100 acres.

Thus it's certain that W.H.Moore had not given the "old red school house" to Dallas Mills.

I have a couple of other questions...what happened to that building? Someone told me it burned down but didn't know when that occurred. Another told me it had been demolished at the same time as the Rison School, in 1969. Can you enlighten me?

(Editor's note: Second hand information is that the owner of the brick portion of the old red schoolhouse demolished it to make way for the impending portion of I-565; the exact date is unknown. We do know that Rison School was torn down in the early 1990s in preparation for I-565.)

A red schoolhouse story:
I remember a story told to me by my daddy, Earl (Pappy) Schrimsher. He and a friend (whose name I won't reveal!) attended school in the red schoolhouse. Before school time on a cold winter morning , they "relieved" themselves into the pot-bellied stove. When the teacher arrived and started a fire, the stench was so bad that the teacher opened the windows and sent the kids outside to play until the odor subsided. Daddy laughed when telling the story and said, "Don't tell Ronnie and Bobby about it!" He said that because my brothers could get into trouble on their own without any suggestions!
~Ann Schrimsher Franklin

What do you remember about the old red schoolhouse? Did you live there? Did you play there? Please tell us about it at risondallas@bellsouth.net
.
A Gathering of Dallas Village Folks in about 1947 on the grounds of the Little Red Schoolhouse
Speculation is that this was either a union meeting or a barbeque picnic.

Please note the cars in the background.
(You may click on the picture for a larger version)
A Gathering of Dallas Village Folks in about 1947 on the grounds of the Little Red Schoolhouse
The gentleman in the white shirt, near the front left, right hand on hip, is W.C. Franklin; Charlie Mae Powell Smith is at his left. The young man third from Charlie Mae is Bobby Schrimsher. The lady third from the left in front of W.C. is Betty Smith who has her hand extended to Sue Smith (back to camera). The child to Betty's left is Robert Crowell. Others recognized are Turney Jones, Vernie & Jewel Elledge, Donald Martin, K.C. Finley, one of the Dowell twins, Sonny King, and Mr. Hawkins. Can you find them?
Do you recognize others in this picture?

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1938 Dallas Mill Housing Rent, Electricity, and Water Agreements
(click for a larger view, click back button to return)
Rent Agreement Electricity Agreement Water Agreement
The rent, electrical and water agreements were provided by Birdie Hymer's son, Glenn. When questioned about the water agreement, Glenn said that, "To my knowledge, the water was never turned off. We didn't have to pay for the water until the houses sold after the mill closed. I don't know why there was a contract for something you did not have to pay for unless it was to absolve them of the responsibility if for some reason it was turned off."

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Dallas Mill Employee Seniority Lists
(Opening, Picking, and Card Rooms)
Dallas Mills Seniority List 1

Dallas Mill Seniority List 2

Although Thurman Frasier never worked in the Opening, Picking, and Card Rooms, he was able the provide some of the following duty definitions. Do you know the missing definitions?

Bobbin cleaner & utility hand: ??
Card tender: ??
Conveyer man: Keeps cotton fed on conveyer, from opening room to card room.
Drawing section and oiler: Takes rope of cotton off machines; keeps machines oiled.
Drawing tender: When roping cans get full, tender takes to spinning room.
Fixer on frames: Maintains machinery.
Grinder: Keeps the cards ground, removing impurities in the cotton.
Intermediate Tender: ??
Lip Weigher: ??
Opening room: Where the bales of cotton are opened and fed into ducts into card room.
Opening room hand: Someone who works in the opening room.
Roving layer: ??
Scrubber: Keeps blowers and machinery clean.
Section on drawing: ??
Slubber tender: ??
Spare hand: Fills in when someone is out.
Speeder tender: ??
Temp job rolling boxes: ??
Yarn and roving weigher: Keeps the weight consistent.

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Dallas Mill Loom Fixers and Doffers - 1898
(click photo for a larger version)
Dallas Mill Loom Fixers and Doffers - 1898
Photograph Courtesy Huntsville Public Library
Boys, age 10 - 15 years old, worked 11 hours per day, 5 1/2 days a week, making 25 cents per day. They got only 8 weeks of school per year (another document stated they only got 2 weeks schooling per year); never passed 1st grade. Men made 75 cents to 1 dollar per day. Click here for a very interesting article by Jon Jackson that appeared in Old Huntsville Magazine concerning children working in the cotton mills

Boys in the Spinning RoomDid you notice that there are only males in these pictures? Does that mean that work as fixers and doffers could only be performed by males? Did the work require greater strength than that possessed by women? Does that mean that male children were considered to be stronger than women, especially girls?

We learned from Thurman Frasier, who worked in cotton mills, that the reason women didn’t work as loom fixers and doffers in the weave room is that the equipment was too heavy for them to operate. He had no idea as to how the young boys would have been able to operate the equipment unless they were given jobs as helpers.

Thurman said that in the 1960s a few women were trained as loom fixers in the weave room. In the spinning room, fixers and doffers were both men and women.

 

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The Mill Children
A Poor Mill Village Child
(Editor's Note: It is with some reluctance that this story is printed; however, our story would not be complete without it. Do any of you remember the Priest family?)

It was the children who suffered the most. There were no child labor laws and many families were forced to put their children to work in order to survive.

Mill owners actively encouraged the use of children as a "prime source of labor" and Huntsville newspapers praised the mills for teaching the children "work ethics."

In Alabama, almost one out of every four mill workers was a child.

Please click here to read the complete story.

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Here is a story about Alabama's new child labor law that appeared in a 1903 newspaper:

New Law Will Compel 300 Children to Quit Local Mills
(Used by permission of Old Huntsville magazine.)

Huntsville, April 8 - The new child labor law adopted by the Alabama legislature will not affect any of the cotton mills in Huntsville. The report had been circulated that the operation of the law would compel 300 children to quit working in the Dallas mill, but this is emphatically denied by W.R. Rison, general manager of the Dallas company.

Mr. Rison states that it is against the rules of the company to employ any child under 12 years of age, and if there are any younger operatives, their ages have been misrepresented by their parents.

Other representatives of the mills praised the mills' policy in providing work for children who would otherwise become vagrants and a nuisance to peaceful society. The spokesman also said that many of the children alleged to be under the lawful employment age of twelve were merely stunted in their growth, giving a false impression to people investigating mill conditions.

Mills in other states have overcome this problem by having potential employees swear they are at least twelve years of age, thereby relieving the mills of any legal responsibility.

Factories in Alabama are expected to implement the same policy.

Records from the Dallas Mill Card Room - 1939

Sara Ann Certain Hymer sent these records that her dad (stepdad) Cowboy Fitch kept on the Card Room. When the entry said someone pulled for someone else, it meant that a spare hand filled in for a full time worker.

Looking Back to Mill Village Life
(This article appeared in the Huntsville Times around 2000)

Vine covered houses in the old mill village

A Day in the Village

A Day In the Village, Pt 1
(Note: Click Here to see a closeup view of the girl's basketball team)

A Day in the Village Part 2

A Day in the Village, Part 3

A Day in the Village, Pt 5

You may return to Page 1 of the History of Rison and Dallas Mill by clicking here.

You may return to Page 2 of the History of Rison and Dallas Mill by clicking here.

You may go on to Page 4 of the History of Rison and Dallas Mill by clicking here.

Rison-Dallas Association, Inc.